Metals, Non-Metals and Metalloids

METALS

• is a chemical element that is a good conductor of both electricity and heat and forms cations and ionic bonds with non-metals. 
• is an element,compound, or alloy characterized by high electrical conductivity. In a metal, atoms readily lose electrons to form positive ions (cations). Those ions are surrounded by delocalized electrons, which are responsible for the conductivity. The solid thus produced is held by electrostatic interactions between the ions and the electron cloud, which are called metallic bonds.
• Most elements are metals. 
• are elements that have atoms arranged in rows. The electrons are easily released from metal atoms so that layers of metal atoms exist in a 'sea' of electrons.

Location on the Periodic Table: 

• Metals are located on the left side and the middle of the periodic table. Group IA and IIA (the alkali metals) are the most active metals. The transition elements, groups IB to VII B, are also considered metals.

Physical Properties of Metals:

•  include shiny lustre, greyish - silver colour, hardness, good heat and electricity conductivity, high melting and boiling points, malleability (can be hammered into a sheet) and ductility (can be pulled into a wire).
• Some exceptions to these are the metals - sodium and calcium (very soft), gold and copper (yellowish colour), and mercury (low melting and boiling points).

Chemical Properties of Metals

• Some metals are more reactive than others. This is because very reactive metals lose electrons easily. Metals such as sodium are very reactive and are explosive in air. Metals such as gold are very unreactive, and therefore do not corrode or tarnish in air.

NON-METALS

• are located on the upper side of the periodic table. Non-metals are separated from metals by a line that cuts diagonally through the region of the periodic table containing elements with partially filled p orbitals. Technically, the halogens and noble gases are non-metals, but the non-metal element group usually is considered consist of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and selenium. 

Properties

• Non-metals have high ionization energies and electronegativites. They are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity. Solid non-metals are generally brittle, with little or no metallic luster. Most non-metals have the ability to gain electrons easily. Non-metals display  a wide range of chemical properties and reactivities. 

METALLOIDS

Metalloids are the elements found along the stair-step line that distinguishes metals from non-metals. This line is drawn from between Boron and Aluminum to the border between Polonium and Astatine. The only exception to this is Aluminum, which is classified under "Other Metals". Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals. Some of the metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, are semi-conductors. This means that they can carry an electrical charge under special conditions.  Physical Properties Metalloids can be shiny like metals or dull like non-metals. They are ductile in nature and can be drawn in shapes of pipes. They are conductors of heat and electricity, but not as good as metals. Metalloids like boron, germanium, arsenic are used as dopants in glasses in semiconductor chips. Metalloids are usually brittle in nature and behave as electrical insulators at room temperature.  Chemical Properties Metalloids tend to have an intermediate property between metals and non-metals. They may look like metals, in case of arsenic and antimony that are crystalline solids. However, in chemical reactions, they may behave either as metals or non-metals. The metalloids are usually amphoteric oxides as metals are basically basic oxides and non-metals are generally acidic oxides. Some metalloids like boron, silicon and germanium behave as semiconductors. Their chemical reactivity depends on the substance they react with. Like boron acts as a metal when reacting with fluorine and behaves as non-metals when reacting with sodium. Many metalloids have different allotropes. For a given metalloid, one of its allotrope may react as a metal and the other allotrope may behave as a non-metal.

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Romina Espuerta

Tina Silvestre

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Jam Villanueva