COLOR REACTIONS:
CHEMICALS | Phenolphthalein | Bromocresol Green | Methyl Red | Methyl Orange | Universal | Red litmus paper | Blue litmus paper | Acid/ base | ||||
A | white | Yellow orange | pink | Light pink | Red orange | acid | ||||||
B | Red violet | Dark blue | yellow | Orange | blue | base | ||||||
C | Red violet | Dark blue | yellow | orange | blue | base | ||||||
D | white | Yellow orange | pink | Light pink | Red orange | acid | ||||||
E | white | Yellow orange | pink | Light pink | Red orange | acid | ||||||
F | Red violet | Dark blue | yellow | orange | blue | base | ||||||
G | white | Yellow orange | pink | Light pink | Red orange | acid | ||||||
· To be able to determine whether the unknown substances are acid or base.
· To be able to determine the color reactions of each unknown substances when combined with the chemicals: Phenolphthalein, Bromocresol green, Methyl red, Methyl orange, and Universal.
During the experiment, colors appeared due to mixing of chemicals. As seen in the grid/ table, substance A was mixed with Phenolphthalein resulted to a white colored substance. When substance A was mixed with Bromocresol Green, a yellow orange color appeared. When it was mixed with methyl red, the color turned pink, when it was mixed with methyl orange the color turned light pink and when substance A was mixed with the Universal, the color turned out red orange.
Substance B mixed with Phenolphthalein resulted to a Red violet colored substance. When substance B was mixed with Bromocresol Green, dark blue color appeared. When it was mixed with methyl red, the color turned yellow, when it was mixed with methyl orange the color turned Orange and when substance B was mixed with the Universal, the color turned out blue.
Substance C was mixed with Phenolphthalein; it resulted to a red violet colored substance. When substance C was mixed with Bromocresol Green, dark blue color appeared. When it was mixed with methyl red, the color turned yellow, when it was mixed with methyl orange the color turned orange and when substance C was mixed with the Universal, the color turned out blue.
Substance D mixed with Phenolphthalein resulted to a white colored substance. When substance D was mixed with Bromocresol Green, yellow orange color appeared. When it was mixed with methyl red, the color turned pink, when it was mixed with methyl orange the color turned light pink and when substance D was mixed with the Universal, the color turned out red orange.
Substance E mixed with Phenolphthalein resulted to a white colored substance. When substance E was mixed with Bromocresol Green, yellow orange color appeared. When it was mixed with methyl red, the color turned pink, when it was mixed with methyl orange the color turned light pink and when substance E was mixed with the Universal, the color turned out red orange.
Substance F was mixed with Phenolphthalein; it resulted to a red violet colored substance. When substance F was mixed with Bromocresol Green, dark blue color appeared. When it was mixed with methyl red, the color turned yellow, when it was mixed with methyl orange the color turned orange and when substance F was mixed with the Universal, the color turned out blue.
Substance G mixed with Phenolphthalein resulted to a white colored substance. When substance G was mixed with Bromocresol Green, yellow orange color appeared. When it was mixed with methyl red, the color turned pink, when it was mixed with methyl orange the color turned light pink and when substance G was mixed with the Universal, the color turned out red orange.
V. Discussion & Analysis:
Litmus paper indicators:
· red litmus turns blue in base
· blue litmus turns red in acid
An acid is a substance that donates hydrogen ions. Because of this, when an acid is dissolved in water, the balance between hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions is shifted. Now there are more hydrogen ions than hydroxyl ions in the solution. This kind of solution is acidic. Acids taste sour, are corrosive to metals, change litmus (a dye extracted from lichens) red, and become less acidic when mixed with bases.
A base is a substance that accepts hydrogen ions. When a base is dissolved in water, the balance between hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions shifts the opposite way. The base "soaks up" hydrogen ion, the result is a solution with more hydroxyl ions than hydrogen ions. This kind of solution is alkaline. Bases feel slippery, change litmus blue, and become less basic when mixed with acids.
In the experiment the indicated colors of each combined/ mixed substances would easily help determine if the unknown substance is acid or base.
Yellow, yellow orange, white and red orange are the colors which would give you the clue or hint whether it is acid. Usually these colors appear when acid substances are being formed with a greater amount of an acid substance.
Blue, dark blue, red violets are one way to indicate if it is a base. When the substances are mixed together and have the bigger number of base volume than the acid volume, it may result to base.
The colored reactions may be a big help for an easy determination of acids or bases.
Substance A | ACID | ACID |
Substance B | BASE | BASE |
Substance C | BASE | BASE |
Substance D | ACID | ACID |
Substance E | ACID | ACID |
Substance F | BASE | BASE |
Substance G | ACID | ACID |
As shown in this table, all substances have equal results in both colors of the litmus paper, this means that the higher the pH value of acidity or maybe the higher the pH level of bas may result to an equal result during the litmus paper test on the litmus papers. For us to be able to determine the pH level whether it is acidic or basic we use the pH scale.
Ø pH level of 1-6 is acidic
Ø pH level of 7 is neutral
Ø pH level of 8-14 is base
VI. Conclusion:
We therefore conclude that, substance A, D, E, and G are acid substances based on the litmus paper test, while substance B, C, and F are base substances. Also, as we have observed that the Colored Reactions of each substance indicates whether the substances are acid or base by just simply observing the colors which reacted when chemicals were mixed together.
II-9
tejada
san juan
sanchez
vergara
mortega
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